Erduranlı, Haydar | Hazer, Baki | Borcaklı, Mehlika

Conference Object | 2008 | Macromolecular Symposia269 ( 1 ) , pp.161 - 169

Chemical modification is useful to diversify poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, for medical and industrial applications. In this manner, transesterification reactions of poly(3-hydroxy butyrate) were carried out under reflux condition of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in the presence of 1,4-butane diol, poly(ethyleneglycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) with molecular weights of 1000 and 2000, poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate or glycerol at 180°C. Addition reactions of bromine and -SH groups of 3-mercaptopropionic acid to the double bond of poly(3-hydroxy-io-undecenoate) were also carried out. Functionalized poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s were characterized us . . .ing 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC and thermal analysis techniques. Copyright © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Daha fazlası Daha az

Öztürk, Temel | Yılmaz-Savaşkan, Sevil | Hazer, Baki | Menceloğlu, Yusuf Z.

Article | 2010 | Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry48 ( 6 ) , pp.1364 - 1373

This article reports the synthesis of the block and graft copolymers using peroxygen-containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (poly-MMA) as a macroinitiator that was prepared from the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of bls(4,4'-bromomethyl benzoyl peroxide) (BBP). The effects of reaction temperatures on the ATRP system were studied in detail. Kinetic studies were carried out to investigate controlled ATRP for BBP/CuBr/bpy initiating system with MMA at 40 °C and free radical polymerization of styrene (S) at 80 °C The plots of In ([M o]/[Mt]) versus reaction time are linear, corresp . . .onding to first-order kinetics. Poly-MMA initiators were used In the bulk polymerization of S to obtain poly (MMA-b-S) block copolymers. Poly-MMA initiators containing undecomposed peroygen groups were used for the graft copolymerization of polybutadiene (PBd) and natural rubber (RSS-3) to obtain crosslinked poly (MMA-g-PBd) and poly(MMAg-RSS-3) graft copolymers. Swelling ratio values (q v) of the graft copolymers in CHCl3 were calculated. The characterizations of the polymers were achieved by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gelpermeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the fractional precipitation (?) techniques. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Daha fazlası Daha az

Öztürk, Temel | Atalar, Mehmet Nuri | Göktaş, Melahat | Hazer, Baki

Article | 2013 | Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry51 ( 12 ) , pp.2651 - 2659

One-step synthesis of block-graft copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) by using a novel initiator was reported. Block-graft copolymers were synthesized in one-step by simultaneous RAFT polymerization of n-butylmethacrylate (nBMA) and ROP of ?-caprolacton (CL) in the presence of a novel macroinitiator (RAFT-ROP agent). For this purpose, first epichlorohydrin (EPCH) was polymerized by using H2SO4 via cationic ring-opening mechanism. And then a novel RAFT-ROP agent was synthesized by the reaction of potassium ethyl xanthogenate and polyepichlorohydrin (poly-EPCH). B . . .y using the RAFT-ROP agent, poly[CL-b-EPCH-b-CL-(g-nBMA)] block-graft copolymers were synthesized. The principal parameters such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and polymerization time that affect the one-step polymerization reaction were evaluated. The block lengths of the block-graft copolymers were calculated by using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum. The block length could be adjusted by varying the monomer and initiator concentrations. The characterization of the products was achieved using 1H NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis, and fractional precipitation (?) techniques. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Daha fazlası Daha az

Hazer, Baki | Steinbüchel, Alexander

Article | 2007 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology74 ( 1 ) , pp.1 - 12

A wide range of diverse polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs, is currently available due to the low substrate specificity of PHA synthases and subsequent modifications by chemical reactions. These polymers are promising materials for a number of different applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review summarizes the large variability of PHAs regarding chemical structure and material properties that can be currently produced. In the first part, in vivo and in vitro biosynthesis processes for production of a large variety of different PHAs will be summarized with regard to obtaining saturated and unsaturated copol . . .yesters and side chain functionalized polyesters, including brominated, hydroxylated, methyl-branched polyesters, and phenyl derivatives of polyesters. In the second part, established chemical modifications of PHAs will be summarized as that by means of grafting reactions and graft/block copolymerizations, as well as by chlorination, cross-linking, epoxidation, hydroxylation, and carboxylation, reactions yield further functionalized PHAs. © 2006 Springer-Verlag Daha fazlası Daha az

Kalaycı, Özlem A. | Cömert, Füsun B. | Hazer, Baki | Atalay, Turgay | Cavicchi, Kevin A. | Çakmak, Mükerrem

Article | 2010 | Polymer Bulletin65 ( 3 ) , pp.215 - 226

The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and antimicrobial efficiency of gold and silver nanoparticles embedded in novel amphiphilic comb-type graft copolymers having good film-forming properties have been described. Amphiphilic comb-type graft copolymers were synthesized by the reaction of chlorinated polypropylene (PP) (Mw = 140,000 Da) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Mn = 2,000 Da) at different molar ratios. Metal nanoparticles embedded graft copolymers were prepared by reducing solutions of the salts of silver or gold and the copolymer in tetrahydrofuran. The optical properties of the metal nanoparticle embedded copolymers . . . were determined by using UV-visible spectroscopy. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the gold and silver nanoparticle embedded copolymers in toluene was observed at a maximum wavelength (?max) of 428 and 551 nm in the UV-VIS absorption spectra, respectively. The average particle diameters of the gold and silver nanoparticles were found to be 50 nm from the high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Amphiphilic polymer films containing silver and gold nanoparticles were found to be highly antimicrobial by virtue of their antiseptic properties to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. © Springer-Verlag 2009 Daha fazlası Daha az

Koçak, İzzet | Şanal, Timur | Hazer, Baki

Article | 2017 | Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry21 ( 5 ) , pp.1397 - 1405

A label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor was developed through the attachment of polystyrene-g-soya oil-g-imidazole graft copolymer (PS-PSyIm) onto modified graphene oxide (GO) electrodeposited on glassy carbon electrode (GC). GC/GO electrode was initially functionalised via electrochemical reduction of 4-nitrobenzene diazonium salt, followed by the electrochemical reduction of NO2 to NH2. Subsequent to the electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles on modified surface, the attachment of the PS-PSyIm graft copolymer on the resulting electrode was achieved. The interaction of PS-PSyIm with DNA at the bare glassy carbon electr . . .ode was studied by cyclic voltammetry technique, and it was found that interaction predominantly takes place through intercalation mode. The selectivity of developed DNA biosensor was also explored by DPV on the basis of considering hybridisation event with non-complementary, one-base mismatched DNA and complementary target DNA sequence. Large decrease in the peak current was found upon the addition of complementary target DNA. The sensitivity of the developed DNA biosensor was also investigated, and detection limit was found to be 1.20 nmol L-1. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Daha fazlası Daha az

Çabuk, Hasan | Kılıç, Muhammet Samet | Ören, Muhammet

Article | 2014 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment186 ( 3 ) , pp.1515 - 1524

This research was carried out in the cities of Zonguldak and Eregli, which have been characterized as urban and industrial environments of the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey, in order to assess the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using mosses as biomonitors. The methodology involved the collection of moss samples (Hypnum cupressiforme), ultrasonic extraction with dichloromethane, cleanup using silica gel and analysis by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 78.1 to 1693.5 ng g -1 in Zonguldak and from 15.2 to 275.1 ng g -1 in Eregli. The total PAH concen . . .tration in Eregli was about six times lower than that in Zonguldak, revealing the importance of switching from coal to natural gas in residential heating. The diagnostic ratios and the correlation analysis have indicated that coal combustion and traffic emissions were the major PAH sources at both sites. The contour maps were constructed for the determination of spatial distributions of total PAHs, and it was shown for Zonguldak as well as for Eregli that the PAH pollution was much more predominant in highly populated regions. Moving away from the city centres, a gradual decrease in PAH pollution rates was observed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Daha fazlası Daha az

Keleş, Elif | Hazer, Baki

Article | 2009 | Journal of Polymers and the Environment17 ( 3 ) , pp.153 - 158

Polyurethane (PUR) plastic sheets were prepared by reacting hydroxylated polymeric soybean oil (PSbOH) synthesized from autoxidized soybean oil with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). FTIR technique was used to identify of chemical reactions. These polyurethanes have different valuable properties, determined by their chemical composition. The effect of stoichiometric balance (i.e., PSbOH/PEG-2000/IPDI weight ratio) on the final properties was evaluated. The polyurethane plastic sheets with the PSbOH/PEG-2000/IPDI weight ratio 1.0/1.0/0.67 and 1.0/0.3/0.3 had excellent mechanical properties i . . .ndicating elongation at break more than 200%. Increase in IPDI and decrease in PEG weight ratio cause the higher stress-strain value. The properties of the materials were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), stress-strain measurements and FTIR technique. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Daha fazlası Daha az

Hazer, Baki | Baysal, Bahattin M. | Köseoğlu, Ayşe G. | Beşirli, Necati | Taşkın, Elif

Article | 2012 | Journal of Polymers and the Environment20 ( 2 ) , pp.477 - 484

The synthesis of polylactide (PLA)-b-poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) linear block copolymers and their use in blends with pure-PLA are described. PLA-b-PDMS linear block copolymers were obtained by the transesterification reaction in chloroform solution between poly(dimethyl siloxane) bis (2-aminopropyl ether) (molecular weight 2,000 Da) with PLA in the presence of stannous octoate. Molecular weights (Mw) of the block copolymers were varied from 53,800 to 63,600 Da while that of pristine PLA was 73,600 Da. The copolymers obtained were purified by fractional precipitation and then characterized by 1 H NMR, FTIR, GPC, viscometry and D . . .SC techniques. Blends of pure PLA with PLA-b-PDMS block copolymers displayed improved elastic properties (elongation up to 140%) compared to pure PLA (elongation ~9%). Thermal, mechanical and morphological characterization of the blends were also conducted. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Daha fazlası Daha az

Hazer, Baki

Article | 2014 | Journal of Polymers and the Environment22 ( 2 ) , pp.200 - 208

Novel polymer blends based on completely renewable polymers were reported. Polymer blends based on polylactic acid (PLA) and oxidized and hydroxylated soya bean oil polymers were prepared. Plasticization and mechanical strength effect of the soya bean oil polymers on the PLA were observed. Fracture surface analysis of the polymer blends was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy. The PLA blends showed more amorphous morphologies compared to pure PLA. The blends had better elongation at break in view of the stress-strain measurement. Blend of PLA with the hydroxylated polymeric soya bean oil indicated the slightly antibact . . .erial properties. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York Daha fazlası Daha az

Toraman, Tuğba | Hazer, Baki

Article | 2014 | Journal of Polymers and the Environment22 ( 2 ) , pp.159 - 166

Novel thermoresponsive polymer conjugates based on microbial polyesters and poly-N-isopropyl acryl amide, PNIPAM, have been reported. The unsaturated poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates, poly (3-hydroxy undecenoate), PHU, and 1:1 mixture of 10-undecenoic acid and soy oil acids, PHU-Sy, were brominated by using bromine in the dark, at room temperature. Brominated PHAs were transformed to macro reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents via the substitution reaction with potassium ethyl xanthate. RAFT polymerization of N-isopropyl acryl amide, NIPAM, was initiated by the PHA-derivative containing xanthate pendant groups in o . . .rder to obtain brush type PHA-g-PNIPAM thermo responsive amphiphilic graft copolymers. The water uptake of the PHU-g-PNIPAM and PHU-Sy-g-PNIPAM amphiphilic graft copolymers changed from 50 % to completely soluble in water. Structural and thermal characterization of the novel conjugates were carried out by using 1H NMR, GPC, DSC and TGA techniques. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York Daha fazlası Daha az

Allı, Abdulkadir | Hazer, Baki

Article | 2011 | JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society88 ( 2 ) , pp.255 - 263

To diversify edible oil thermoresponsive polymer composites, polymeric linoleic acid peroxide (PLina) and polymeric linolenic acid peroxide (PLinl) were obtained by the autoxidation of linoleic acid (Lina) and linolenic acid (Linl), respectively. The autoxidation of Lina and Linl under air at room temperature rendered waxy soluble polymeric peroxide, having a soluble fraction in chloroform of more than 91 wt% and containing up to 1.0 wt% of peroxide. The soluble polymeric oil macro-peroxide was used to initiate the free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAM, resulting in PLina-g-PNIPAM and PLinl-g-PNIPAM graft copol . . .ymers, respectively. The PNIPAM content of the graft copolymers was calculated using the elemental nitrogen analysis of graft copolymers. Thermal analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, and SEM techniques were used in the characterization of the products. The hydrophobic effect of the fatty acid macro peroxides on the thermal response rate of the graft copolymers was investigated by means of swelling-deswelling behaviors in response to temperature change. They have a thermoresponsive character and exhibit a volume phase transition at approximately 27-30 °C, which is 1-4 °C lower than that of pure PNIPAM. A plastizer effect of PLina and PLinl in graft copolymers was observed, indicating a lower glass transition temperature than that of pure PNIPAM. © 2010 AOCS Daha fazlası Daha az