Koray, Özlem

Article | 2005 | Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi11 ( 43 ) , pp.379 - 400

Bu araştırmada, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin çeşitli fen konularına uygulanan altı düşünme şapkası ve nitelik sıralama teknikleri ile ilgili görüşlerinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmış, ayrıca öğrencilerin ve uygulamayı yapan öğretmen adaylarının görüşleri açık uçlu sorular ile yoklanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; ilköğretim 6., 7. ve 8. sınıf düzeyindeki öğrenciler ve öğretmen adayları, büyük oranda her iki teknik hakkında olumlu görüşler öne sürmüşlerdir. The purpose of the study was to detect opinions of the students about the implementation of six thinking hats and at . . .tribute listing techniques related in practice science course. Data were collected via an interview form and open-ended questions constructed by researcher. The results of the study revealed that the primary school students (6lh, 7hand 8th grade) and pre-service science teachers had positive perceptions about these techniques Daha fazlası Daha az

Çetintaş, Recep

Article | 2017 | Turkish Studies (Elektronik)12 ( 27 ) , pp.127 - 146

Kur'ân-ı Kerim, İslâm dininden dönenlerin dünyada ve ahirette acıklı bir azapla karşılaşacaklarını beyan etmekle birlikte dünyevî cezasının ne olduğunu bildirmemiştir. Hz. Peygamber'in bazı hadislerinde mürtedin kanının helal olacağı bildirilmekte, bazılarında da dinden dönenin öldürülmesi emredilmektedir. Fakat Hz. Peygamber'in bu konudaki tatbikatları farklı olmuştur. O, bazı mürtedleri affederken bazılarının öldürülmelerini emretmiştir. Fakat salt din değiştirmesi nedeniyle birini öldürttüğü rivayet edilmemiştir. Bu sebeple mürtede yapılacak muamele ile ilgili hadisler ve farklı uygulamalardan yola çıkan İslâm hukukçuları mürtedi . . .n öldürülme nedeni ve cezanın mahiyeti konusunda ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Hanefiler mürtedin öldürülme nedeninin dârulharbe giderek müslümanlara savaş açması olduğunu ve dârulislâmda ikamet ederek herhangi bir cinayete karışmayan mürtedin öldürülmeyeceği görüşünü benimsemişlerdir. Cumhur ise mürtedin tevbe etmediği takdirde ister dârulislâmda yaşasın ister dârulharbe gitsin salt irtidâdı nedeniyle öldürüleceği görüşünü benimsemiştir. Diğer taraftan Hanefîlerin çoğunluğu bu cezanın savaş fitnesine karşı kamu düzenini korumak için siyaseten meşru kılınan bir ceza olduğu görüşünü benimserken cumhur bunun şer'î bir had olduğunu söylemiştir. Tevbe ettiği takdirde mürtedin öldürülmeyeceği konusunda âlimlerin ittifakı mürtedin öldürülmesinin şer'î bir had olduğunu söylemeye imkân vermemektedir. Zira hadlerin tevbe ile sakıt olmayacağı konusunda bütün hukukçular ittifak etmişlerdir. Bu sebeple irtidâd cezasının nedeni ve mahiyeti konusunda Hanefîlerin yaklaşımının daha isabetli olduğunu belirtmemiz gerekir The Qur'an declared that who changed his religion will meet with a painful punishment in the world and in the Hereafter, but did not inform the worldly punishment. In some of the hadiths is declared that the blood of the apostate will be lawful, and in some it is ordered he wiil be killed.But the practice of the Prophet is different in this subject. The Prophet has ordered some of them to be killed, while forgiving some apostates.It was not narrated that he killed someone because of he changed his religion only.For this reason, the İslâmic lawyers acting from the hadiths and the different applications about the subject have disputed the reason of killing of apostate and the nature of the punishment.The Hanafites adopted that the reason of killing the apostate was to fight against the Muslims escaping to the country of idolaters, and that the apostate will not be killed when he reside between muslims and do not interfere in any murder. The majority adopted that if the apostate does not repent, he will be killed because of his mere apostasy whether or not he escaped to the country of idolaters.On the other hand, the majority of Hanafites adopted that this was a punishment politically legitimated to protect public order against the warfare, but the majorty said it was a Hadd. The alliance of scholars that the apostate will not be killed if he repents, does not allow to say that the killing the apostate is a Hadd. Because all the lawyers have allied that the Hadds shall not fall by repentance. For this reason, we need to point out that Hanafites' approach about the reason of punishment of apostasy and it's nature is more accurate Discussions on the situation of those who apostated from Islam in the Islamic law have a great place. The general acceptance among normal muslims who do not know the specifics of these debates is that those who apostate from the Islam after he has entered, are subjected to the death penalty. This acceptance stems from the fact that the Qur'an and Sunnah’ texts related to this subject are not known and understood sufficiently. It is also based on the assumption that all scholars have adopted the same view in this respect. Here, we will evaluate the views of the Islamic jurists regarding the ones who apostated from Islam according to the Islamic Criminal Law in the framework of the Qur'an and the Sunnah texts, then we will declare our own opinion about the subject. In principle, the Holy Qur'an does not approve that people are interfered with the choice of religion and that they are not forced to accept the religion. On the contrary, Qur’an wanted people to act completely free into believe or not believe in the religion of Islam. Because faith, when it has turned into concrete actions in individual and social life and has a quality that will shape human personality and character according to the purpose of creation, expresses value in the eyes of Islam. This is possible only if the person chooses the religion with his own mind and free will and confirms it in his inner world. The faith that takes place as an outcome of repression made from the outside and non-internalized does not give his own a religious identity and an Islamic posture. For this reason, such a faith is not desirable in the religion and the deed built upon it does not be acceptable too. Any coercion made from outside to the man for believing may even lead him to hypocrisy and consequent hell. For this reason, the Qur'an has liberated people completely in it’s universal message into believe or not to believe in with their own free will. For this reason, the Qur'an has not acknowledged a worldly punishment for apostates together with declaring that those apotated from the Islam will face a terrible punishment in the world and in the Hereafter. But in some hadiths, the Prophet declaring that the blood of apostates is lawful, in some hadiths it is seen that those who apostated from Islam are ordered to be killed. However, there is no information that the Prophet had killed anybody because of his absolute apostasy. When the narrations of the apostates ordered by the Prophet to be killed are examined, it will be seen that they are killed not only because of their apostasies, but also because of other destruction, such as killing a muslim beside their altitude and seizing the goods. The Islamic jurists who acted from the different narrations and practices of the Prophet disputed the cause of the murder of apostate and the nature of this punishment. According to the majority of the Hanafites, the mentioned texts of Qur’an and Sunnah declared that the reason of the murder of apostate is to fight against muslims. Therefore, according to them, the apostate can be killed if he joined the ranks of polytheists and warned against the muslims. The apostate, who does not interfere with another murder by continuing to live under the domination of muslims, is not killed. The majority of jurists, on the other hand, interpreted the same narrations on the contrary of the Hanafites and adopted the view that if the apostate did not repent, he would be killed only because of his apostasy. When examining the evidences of the majority in this regard, it is seen that none of the apostates who did not fight against the muslims and rebelled against the legitimate authority and did not disturb the public order, would be killed because of the simple apostasy. Therefore, it is understood that the opinion of the majority about the apostate will be killed because of his mere apostasy is not accurate. On the other hand, the Hanafites adopted the view that the punishment to be applied to the apostates is a punishment which was politically legitimated in order to protect public order due to his fighting against muslims, not a legal hadd to be inflicted due to the purely apostasy. The majority of Islamic jurists have accepted the opinion that the punishment of death will be applied to the apostate was a legal hadd to be inflicted as a obligatory. But the allegiance of all scholars on the subject that the apostate can not killed if he repents, do not allow to say the punishment of apostasy was a legal hadd. Because there is no dispute among the scholars that after the crime is fixed, the punishment of Hadd will not be reduced by repentance. If the punishment of apostasy was a legal hadd, it should not be reduced by repentance. For this reason, the view of Hanafit scholars that the punishment of apostasy is a punishment that is politically legitimate to protect the public interests against the warfare and that the apostate who does not have an actual rape against the muslims will not be killed, seems to be more accurate in terms of Qur’anic texts and narrations comes from the Prophet and in terms of freedoms of belief which Qur’an has accepted for all the people. Therefore, death penalty can not be given to the apostate if he does not engage in political and actual destruction by waging war on the Islamic society. It is up to the President of the Islamic state to apprehend and apply the punishment to be given to him if he is directed to actual destruction such as murder and extortion. The president of Islamic state, too, may inflict this penalty after the final decision of the special Islamic judgement of judges. Muslims do not have the authority to appraise and practice punishment for the apostates on their own initiative. On the contrary they are punished by the public authority Daha fazlası Daha az

Erdoğan, Ayten | Tufan, Evren | Karaman, Mehmet Gökşin | Atabek, Mehmet Süleyman | Koparan, Cem | Özdemir, Esra | Baranova, Anna Çetiner

Article | 2011 | Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi12 ( 1 ) , pp.55 - 61

Amaç: Son yıllarda Adli Tıp Kurumu’na başvurular Türkiye’de çocuk ve ergenlerde cinsel istismarın çok yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. Ülkemizde ve uluslararası literatürde taciz mağdurlarıyla ilgili çok sayıda araştırma yürütülmüş olmasına karşın, çocuk ve ergenlere cinsel istismarda bulunan kişilerin klinik ve demografik özelliklerine yeterince odaklanılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada Batı Karadeniz, Doğu Anadolu, Marmara ve Akdeniz bölgesindeki belli hastanelere gönderilen mağdurlar değerlendirilerek, cinsel istismarcıların sosyokültürel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Olgular Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, El . . .azığ Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hastanesi, Adana Ekrem Tok Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları ve Bursa Dörtçelik Çocuk Hastanesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları kliniklerinde adli değerlendirmeye tabi tutulan çocuk ve ergen cinsel istismar mağdurlarına eylemde bulunan istismarcılarının bilgilerini içermektedir. Cinsel istismarcılara ait veriler olguların tıbbi veya adli dosyalarındaki kayıtlardan elde edilmiş; mağdurların demografik özelliklerine (yaş, cinsiyet), olayın karakteristik özelliklerine (istismarcı-mağdur ilişkisi) ve sanığın belirleyici özelliklerine göre (yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, evlilik durumu, suç amaçlı çocuk pornografisi ve/veya bilgisayar kullanımı) kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Çocuk ve ergenlere yapılan cinsel tacizlerde, tüm istismarcılar erkektir. Cinsel istismarcıların çoğunun mağdur olan çocuk ve ergenin aile üyelerinden, akraba veya tanıdık kimselerden oluştuğu saptanmıştır. En sık kız çocukları istismara maruz kalmakta, artan yaşla birlikte istismara uğrayan kızların oranı artmaktadır. Cinsel istismarcıların eğitim düzeyinin düşük olması, evli olmama ve madde ve/veya alkol kullanım öyküsü oranının yüksek olduğu izlenmektedir. Sonuç: Bulgularımız, çocuk ve ergenlere karşı cinsel taciz vakalarında istismarcıların çoğunluğunu erkek ve evli olmayan kişilerin oluşturduğunu, istismarcılarda eğitim düzeyinin düşük ve madde ve/veya alkol kullanım öyküsü oranının yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Türkiye’de çocuk ve ergenlerin mağduru olduğu cinsel istismar olgularında değişik istismarcı tipleri arasında klinik açıdan anlamlı farklılıkları daha iyi belirleyebilmek amacıyla yapılacak ileri araştırmalara gereksinme vardır. Objective: Referral of sexually abused children and adolescents to the Forensic Medicine Council showed that sexual abuse of children and adolescents is prevalent in Turkey. Unfortunately, very few studies have examined the characteristics of sexual offenders against children and adolescents in Turkey. This study examined the sociocultural features of sexual offenders against children and adolescents from Western Black Sea, Mediterranean, Marmara and East Anatolia regions of Turkey. Methods: The sex offenders against children and adolescents referred for forensic psychiatric examination to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinics of University of Zonguldak Karaelmas Hospital, Elazig Mental Health Hospital, Adana Ekrem Tok Mental Health Hospital, Bursa Dörtçelik Childrens’ Hospital were recruited for the study. Data for sex offenders were obtained from the medical and legal documents of children and adolescents. The sex offenders were assessed for demographic and legal characteristics: age, gender, marital status, education level, substance and alcohol use history and use of child pornography/ computer. Results: All of the sexual offenders against children and adolescents were male. In most of the cases the child knows the offender (e.g. neighbor, relative, family friend, or local individual with authority). Females were the most commonly abused, with the percentage of abused females increasing with age. In addition, most of the sex offenders was not married and had low level of education, substance and alcohol use history. Conclusion: Most of the sex offenders against children and adolescents were male and not married. They had high rates of substance use history, low level of education. Further research is needed to better identify clinically significant differences among the different types of sex offenders against children and adolescents in Turkey Daha fazlası Daha az

Hancı, Volkan | Bilir, Serhat | Kırtaç, Nihat | Akkız, Sami | Yurtlu, Serhan | Turan, Işıl Özkoçak

Article | 2010 | Türk Anestezi ve Reanimasyon Dergisi38 ( 4 ) , pp.278 - 284

Amaç: Çalışmamızda Zonguldak bölgesindeki deli bal zehirlenmelerinin demografik, toksikolojik ve sağaltım özelliklerinin analizinin yapılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak planlanan çalışmamıza Ocak 2006-Eylül 2009 tarihleri arasında, Zonguldak ilinde acil servislere deli bal zehirlenmesi nedeniyle başvuruda bulunan olgular alındı. Hastaların, yaş, cinsiyet, toksikolojik özellikleri, kalp atım hızları, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı verileri kayıt ve analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda 72 olgu analiz edildi. Olguların “deli” balı, acil servise başvurmadan 45 ile 200 dk. (ort±SS, 78,54±37,46 dk.) önce aldıklar . . .ı belirlendi. Olguların kalp atım hızı 38 ile 58 atım dk-1 (ort±SS, 47,79±4,34 atım dk-1) ve sistolik kan basıncı değerleri 40 ile 130 mm Hg (ort±SS, 73,33±16,41 mm Hg) arasında olarak bulundu. Hastaların acil servise başvuru sırasındaki kalp ritimleri değerlendirildiğinde 71 (% 98,6) hastada sinüs bradikardisi ve non spesifik bradikardi varken 1 (% 1,4) hastada tam atriyoventriküler blok bulundu. Hastaların tedavisinde 0,5 ile 3 mg (ort±SS, 0.59±0.36 mg) atropin ve 400 ile 1500 mL (ort±SS, 746,58±242,99 mL) % 0.9 serum fizyolojik kullanıldı. Sonuç: Daha önceden sağlıklı olan ve açıklanamayan bradikardi, hipotansiyon, atriyoventriküler blok gibi bulguları olan olgularda deli bal zehirlenmesi akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu nedenle bradikardi ve hipotansiyon nedeniyle başvuran hastalarda diyet öyküsü dikkatlice alınmalıdır. Primer kardiyak, nörolojik ve metabolik hastalıkların yanında deli bal zehirlenmesi ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmelidir. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic, toxicologic and treatment characteristics of mad honey intoxications around Zonguldak territory. Material and Method: Patients admitted to emergency departments in Zonguldak territory, because of honey poisoning, between January 2006 and September 2009 were included in this retrospective study. Age, sex, toxicologic characteristics, heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures of patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: Seventy-two cases were included in this study. It was determined that patients had ingested “mad” honey between 45 and 200 minutes (mean±SD, 78.54±37.46 minutes) before admitting to the emergency service. Patients’ heart rates were 38 to 58 bpm (mean±SD, 47.79±4.34 bpm), and systolic blood pressures ranged from 40 to 130 mm Hg (mean±SD, 73.33±16.41 mmHg). Sinus, and non-specific bradycardias were detected in 71 (98.6 %) patients, and 1 (1.4 %) patient had complete atrio-ventricular block Patients were treated with 0.5 to 3 mg (mean±SD, 0.59±0.36 mg) iv atropine and 400 to 1500 mL (mean±SD, 746.58±242.99 mL) i.v. saline 0.9 % infusion.” Conclusion: Honey poisoning should be kept in mind and dietary history should be questioned carefully in previously healthy patients admitted in ICU units with unexplained hypotension, bradycardia and complete atrioventricular block. In addition to primary cardiac, neurologic, or metabolic disorders, mad honey ingestion should be included in the differential diagnosis Daha fazlası Daha az

Kandemir, Onak Nilüfer | Ekem, Tulu Emre | Barut, Aykut | Yurdakan, Gamze | Sönmez, Arzu | Özdamar, Şükrü Oğuz

Other | 2008 | GORM:Gynecology Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine14 ( 1 ) , pp.63 - 65

Benign vasküler tümörler olan hemanjiomlar överde nadiren görülürler. Ovarian hemanjiomlar genellikle operasyon veya otopsi sırasında rastlantısal olarak saptanırlar. Bazı olgularda ise abdominal kitle/ ağrı, akut batın, asit veya yükselmiş CA-125 seviyeleri gibi oVer neoplazilerini taklit eden bulgular görülebilir. Hemanjiomlar makröskobik olarak hemorajik over lez- yonlarından, mikroskobik olarak ise överin hiler bölgesinde sık görülen genişlemiş vasküler proliferasyonlardan, lenfanjiom-dan, vasküler komponenti belirgin teratomdan ve anjiosarkom-dan ayrılmalıdır. Tedavide etkilenmiş överin veya adneksin cerrahi çıkarımı yeterlidir . . .. Bu çalışmada oldukça nadir görülen, yüksek serum CA-125 düzeyi ve uterin leiomyoma ile birliktelik gösteren ovarian kavernöz hemanjiom olgusu sunulmuştur. Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that are rarely found in the ovaries. Ovarian hemangiomas are usually discovered incidentally at operation or autopsy. Sometimes, they present with abdominal mass and/or pain, acute abdomen, ascites or elevated CA-125 levels, simulating ovarian neoplasm. Hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic ovarian lesions grossly, and proliferations of dilated blood vessels frequently seen in the hilar region of the ovary, lymphangioma, teratoma with a prominent vascular component and angiosarcoma microscopically. The treatment of choice is oophorectomy or adnexectomy, which results in a complete cure. We report a case of very rare tumor of the ovary with an unusual presentation; an ovarian cavernous hemangioma with elevated serum CA-125 levels and uterine leiomyoma Daha fazlası Daha az