Büyükgüzel, Ender | Büyükgüzel, Kemal | Erdem, Meltem | Adamski, Zbigniew | Adamski, Zbigniew | Marciniak, Pawel | Ziemnicki, Kazimierz

Article | 2013 | Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology83 ( 1 ) , pp.15 - 24

Plant allelochemicals are nonnutritional chemicals that interfere with the biology of herbivores. We posed the hypothesis that ingestion of a glycoalkaloid allelochemical, ?-solanine, impairs biological parameters of greater wax moths Galleria mellonella. To test this idea, we reared wax moths on artificial diets with 0.015, 0.15, or 1.5 mg/100 g diet of ?-solanine. Addition of ?-solanine to the diet affected survival of seventh-instar larvae, pupae, and adults; and female fecundity and fertility. The diet containing the highest ?-solanine concentration led to decreased survivorship, fecundity, and fertility. The diets supplemented . . .with ?-solanine led to increased malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in midgut and fat body and the effect was dose-dependent. Dietary ?-solanine led to increased midgut glutathione S-transferase activity and to decreased fat body glutathione S-transferase activitiy. We infer from these findings that ?-solanine influences life history parameters and antioxidative enzyme activities in the midgut and fat body of G. mellonella. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Ender | Büyükgüzel, Kemal | Snela, Milena | Erdem, Meltem | Radtke, Katarzyna | Ziemnicki, Kazimierz | Adamski, Zbigniew

Article | 2013 | Cell Biology and Toxicology29 ( 2 ) , pp.117 - 129

Boric acid is widely used as an insecticide, acaricide, herbicide, and fungicide and also during various industrial processings. Hence, numerous populations are subjects to this toxic compound. Its action on animals is still not fully known and understood. We examined the effect of boric acid on larvae of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella). The chemical appeared to be toxic for larvae, usually in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposed groups revealed increased lipid peroxidation and altered activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. We also observed changes of ultrastruc . . .ture, which were in tune with biochemical assays. We suggest that boric acid has a broad mode of action, which may affect exposed larvae, and even if sublethal, they may lead to disturbances within exposed populations. © 2013 The Author(s) Daha fazlası Daha az

Adamski, Zbigniew | Marciniak, Pawel | Ziemnicki, Kazimierz | Büyükgüzel, Ender | Erdem, Meltem | Büyükgüzel, Kemal | Ventrella, Emanuela

Article | 2014 | ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY87 ( 1 ) , pp.26 - 39

Plants synthesize a broad range of secondary metabolites that act as natural defenses against plant pathogens and herbivores. Among these, potato plants produce glycoalkaloids (GAs). In this study, we analyzed the effects of the dried extract of fresh potato leaves (EPL) on the biological parameters of the lepidopteran, Galleria mellonella (L.) and compared its activity to one of the main EPL components, the GA alpha-solanine. Wax moth larvae were reared from first instar on a diet supplemented with three concentrations of EPL or alpha-solanine. Both EPL and alpha-solanine affected survivorship, fecundity, and fertility of G. mellon . . .ella to approximately the same extent. We evaluated the effect of EPL and alpha-solanine on oxidative stress in midgut and fat body by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) contents, both biomarkers of oxidative damage. We evaluated glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, a detoxifying enzyme acting in prevention of oxidative damage. EPL and alpha-solanine altered MDA and PCO concentrations and GST activity in fat body and midgut. We infer that the influence of EPL on G. mellonella is not enhanced by synergistic effects of the totality of potato leaf components compared to alpha-solanine alone. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Ender | Tunaz , Hasan | Stanley, David | Büyükgüzel, Kemal

Article | 2007 | Journal of Insect Physiology53 ( 1 ) , pp.99 - 105

Nodulation is the predominant insect cellular immune response to bacterial and fungal infections and it can also be induced by some viral infections. Treating seventh instar larvae of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella with Bovine herpes simplex virus-1 (BHSV-1) induced nodulation reactions in a dose-dependent manner. Because eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial and fungal infection, we hypothesized that eicosanoids also mediate nodulation reactions to viral challenge. To test this idea, we injected G. mellonella larvae with indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug immediately prior to intrahemocoelic i . . .njection of BHSV-1. Relative to vehicle-treated controls, indomethacin-treated larvae produced significantly reduced numbers of nodules following viral infection (down from approximately 190 nodules/larva to Daha fazlası Daha az

Çelik, Cihat | Büyükgüzel, Kemal | Büyükgüzel, Ender

Article | 2019 | Journal of the Entomological Research Society21 ( 1 ) , pp.95 - 108

We investigated that the effects of oxyclozanide on survival rate, development time, adult longevity and the amount of total protein (TP) in different developmental stages (7th-instars larvae, pupae and adult) of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. First-instar larvae of insects were reared on 0.003, 0.03 and 0.3 g oxyclozanide in 100 g artificial diets. When compared to all tested concentrations of oxyclozanide and control diet without oxyclozanide, it was confirmed that this anthelmintic drug significantly reduced survival rate of 7th-instar larval stage, pupal and adult stage of G. mellonella. While 7th-instars larval rate is . . . 91.25 ± 6.21 % in the control diet without oxyclozanide, this rate has been determined 28.75 ± 3.24 % in the 0.3 % concentration of oxyclozanide. TP of the insect increased in response to all concentration of oxyclozanide in comparison to control diet. This considerable increase was expressed almost two-fold especially at the 0.003 and 0.03 % of oxyclozanide concentrations in all developmental stages. The results obtained from this research support that the oxyclozanide has effects on the survival, development, adult longevity and TP of the insect. © 2019 Gazi Entomological Research Society. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Ender

Article | 2014 | Journal of Entomological Science49 ( 2 ) , pp.144 - 155

Eicosandoids, or icosanoids, are signaling compounds created by the oxidation of 20-carbon fatty acids. They control many complex physiological and immunological functions in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. This study tested the hypothesis that eicosanoids act in insect antioxidant defense. The effects of 3 eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) - dexamethasone, esculetin, and phenidone - on the oxidative stress indicator, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the detoxification enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST), was examined in the midgut of larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L). The larvae were reared on artif . . .icial diets supplemented with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0% of the EBIs. Esculetin, which is a lipoxygenase inhibitor, significantly increased MDA content; whereas, GST activity was significantly increased at only the highest concentration tested. Dexamethasone, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, significantly increased MDA content and GST activity at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0%. Phenidone, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, increased MDA content, whereas the 0.01 and 0.1% concentrations of phenidone significantly increased GST activity. Our results indicate that antioxidative responses are, at least in part, controlled by a physiological system that includes eicosanoid biosynthesis Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Ender

Article | 2012 | Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology81 ( 1 ) , pp.20 - 33

Nodulation is the predominant insect cellular immune response to microbial infections. We posed the hypothesis that parasitoid insects in their adulthood express melanotic nodulation reactions to viral challenge and that eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions and phenoloxidase (PO) activation in response to viral challenge. To test this idea, we injected Pimpla turionellae adults with indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injection of Bovine herpes simplex virus-1 (BHSV-1). Treating newly emerged adults of P. turionellae with BHSV-1 induced nodulation reactions, and decreased PO . . .activity at high viral doses. Relative to vehicle-treated controls, indomethacin-treated adults produced significantly reduced numbers of nodules following viral infection (down from approximately 21 nodules per adult to less than six nodules per adult). In addition to injection treatments, increasing dietary indomethacin dosages (from 0.01% to 0.1%) were associated with decreasing nodulation (by six-fold) and PO (by about three-fold) reactions to BHSV-1 injection. Wasp adults orally fed with the lowest dietary indomethacin concentration (0.001%) expressed significantly increased PO activity (1.45 unit/min/mg protein) while nodulation reaction was not affected in response to viral challenge compared to control adults. We infer from these findings that cyclooxygenase (COX) products, at least prostaglandins, mediate nodulation response and PO action to viral infection in adults of these highly specialized insects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Kemal | İçen, Ender

Article | 2004 | Journal of Entomological Science39 ( 1 ) , pp.108 - 116

The effects of antibiotics, novobiocin, nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid, singly and in combinations, on the wet weight and total protein content of the hymenopterous endoparasitoid, Pimpla turionellae L., were investigated by rearing the larvae aseptically on chemically defined synthetic diets. Oxolinic acid, at all levels tested, caused a greater increase in the total protein content of the young pupae than other antibiotics; whereas, 2.25 mg of this agent decreased both the wet weight and total protein of adults. However, this antibiotic did not affect the pupal wet weight. High levels of novobiocin increased the protein content . . .of the pupae but had no effect on that of the adults. The lowest level of this antibiotic significantly increased pupal and adult wet weight. While this level of antibiotic had no effect on pupal protein content, it significantly increased the protein content of adults. The highest tested level of nalidixic acid caused a significant decrease in the pupal and adult wet weight of the insect. This level increased total protein content of the pupae. None of the tested levels of this antibiotic had an effect on the protein content of the adults. The combinations with two antibiotics had no significant effects on the total protein content, while some increased the wet weight of the insect. Some ternary combinations of novobiocin, nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid (6.0:2.0:0.75, 6.0:2.0:3,0, and 1.5: 4.0:0.75 mg) significantly increased the total protein content in adults of the insect, and the combination of 6.0:2.0:0.75 increased the protein content and wet weight of pupae. It is suggested that these three antibiotics singly and in combination can be used in artificial rearing of this parasitoid Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Ender | Kayaoğlu, Selver

Article | 2014 | Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi38 ( 1 ) , pp.83 - 99

Salisilanilidler bağırsak şeridi gibi parazitlerin mitokondrisinde oksidatif fosforilasyonu inhibe ederek etkisini gösterirler ve bu antiparazitik ilaçlar tıpta ve veterinerlikte kullanılmaktadır. Niklozamidin potansiyel antihelmintik aktivitesi memelilerde iyi bir şekilde ortaya konulmuş, bu çalışmada da Galleria mellonella larvaları kullanılarak niklozamidin in vivo insektisit etkisi araştırılmıştır. Niklozamid, 7. dönem larva, pupa ve ergin evrelerinin yaşama oranını önemli derecede düşürürken, en yüksek konsantrasyonu (% 1,0) ergin gelişme süresini önemli derecede uzatmıştır. Dişilerin yumurta verimi kontrol besininde 78,6 ± 6,1 . . . yumurta sayısı/gün/dişi olarak tespit edilmiştir. % 0,1’lik niklozamid ile beslenildiğinde ise bu değer 114,7 ± 10,9 yumurta sayısı/gün/dişi’ a yükselmiştir; bunun yanısıra en yüksek konsantrasyonda (% 1,0) hiç yumurta elde edilememiştir. Niklozamidin en yüksek konsantrasyonunda (% 1,0) erkek ergin ömür uzunluğu artmıştır. Ayrıca, niklozamid yumurta açılımını da denenen tüm konsantrasyonlarda önemli oranda düşürmüştür. % 0,1’lik niklozamid konsantrasyonunda malondialdehit (MDA) miktarı 4 kat, glutatyon- S-transferaz enzimi (GST) aktivitesi ise 2 kat artmıştır. Kontrol besinine göre (133,24 ± 23,6 nmol/mg protein) niklozamidin denenen konsantrasyonları protein karbonil (PCO) miktarını en az 5 kat (701,24 - 808,02 nmol/mg protein) önemli derecede arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Galleria mellonella model böcek olarak kullanılarak, böceklerle mücadelede belirli klinik öneme sahip antihelmintik ilaçların aktif şekilde kullanılabilirliği belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmanın sonuçları niklozamidin prooksidan etkisine bağlı olarak biyolojik ve aynı zamanda böceğin antioksidan savunma cevabı üzerine negatif etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. The salisilanilides function by inhibiting mitocondrial oxidative phosphorylation in parasitic tapeworms and thus they are used as an antiparasitic drug in medicine and veterinary. While the potent antihelmintic activity of niclosamide has been well characterised in mammals, this study investigated the in vivo insecticide effect of niclosamide using larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella. Niclosamide was successful in decreasing the survival of 7th instar larvae, pupal and adult stages while only the highest concentration of this antihelmintic antibiotic (1.0 %) significantly prolonged developmental time to adult stage. Fecundity of females was obtained as 78.6 ± 6.1 number of eggs/day/female in control diet. Fecundity were increased to 114.7 ± 10.9 at 0.1% of niclosamide. However, we could not obtain any egg at the highest concentration. An increase in the male adult longevity was obtained when reared with the highest concentrations of niclosamide. Niclosamid rearing resulted in a decrease in hatchability of eggs. Niclosamide at 0.1 % of concentration increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (4-fold), glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activity (2-fold). Relative to control (133.24 ± 23.6 nmol/mg protein), niclosamide at tested concentrations significantly increased protein carbonyl (PCO) content at least 5-fold (701.24- 808.02 nmol/mg protein). This work indicates that G. mellonella larvae may be used as a good model to ascertain importance of clincally important antihelmintic drug active ingredients in chemical management of pest insects. The results of this work also indicate that the negative effects of niclosamide on insect biology are due to its pro-oxidant properties and also to the ability of niclosamide in crippling the insect’s antioxidan defence response Daha fazlası Daha az

Aslan, Nilay | Büyükgüzel, Ender | Büyükgüzel, Kemal

Article | 2019 | Environmental Entomology48 ( 3 ) , pp.667 - 673

In recent times, several studies have been undertaken on the artificial mass-rearing of insects in which clinical antibacterial antibiotics, including gemifloxacin, which is a DNA gyrase and topoisomerases inhibitor, are amended into the diet to control microbial contamination and preserve diet. The findings of these studies have suggested the possibility that these antibiotics influence the biological traits of insects in relation to their oxidative effects. This study investigated the effects of gemifloxacin on Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) survival rates, development times, and male-female adult longevity. And we also determin . . .ed the effects of gemifloxacin on lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl levels, and glutathione S-transferase activity of fruit fly eggs. First instars were fed on artificial diets containing 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg/liter concentrations of gemifloxacin until adult emergence. Our results indicate that sublethal effects of gemifloxacin are likely to significantly impair adult fitness and life-history parameters in D. melanogaster, probably because of its oxidative effects. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Ender | Büyükgüzel, Kemal

Article | 2019 | Journal of Entomological Science54 ( 1 ) , pp.79 - 86

Galleria mellonella L. larvae were reared on a standard artificial diet amended with various concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of the aminocoumarin DNA gyrase inhibitor antibiotic drug novobiocin. The effects of the inhibitor on survival and development of the larvae were measured. Survival rates for 7th instars, pupae, and emerging adults were 90.0%, 86.2%, and 76.2%, respectively, in the control diet. These rates were decreased to 15.0%, 7.5%, and 6.2% for larvae fed the diet with the highest novobiocin concentration (2.0%). High concentrations of the antibiotic caused prolongation in the larval, pupal, and adult develop . . .mental periods. Our results indicate that this gyrase inhibitor can be used as dietary additive in artificial rearing of G. mellonella when its concentrations are ascertained. © 2019 Georgia Entomological Society Inc. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükgüzel, Ender | Büyükgüzel, Kemal

Article | 2016 | Journal of Economic Entomology109 ( 5 ) , pp.2090 - 2095

The effects of a synthetic purine nucleoside analog, antiviral agent, acyclovir (ACV), on adult longevity, fecundity, and hatchability of a serious honeycomb pest, greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. were investigated by adding 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0% ACV into artificial and natural diets. Control larvae were reared on diet without ACV. The artificial diet containing the lowest level of ACV, 0.01%, raised egg production from a number of 12.9 ± 0.6 to 163.2 ± 1.3. The hatching rate of these eggs was increased from 49.2 ± 2.4% to 68.2 ± 3.2%. Higher concentrations of ACV in natural food significantly increased both egg production . . . and egg hatching rate. Female reared on old dark combs as natural diet exposed to 1.0% of ACV produced 167.5 ± 5.8 eggs with 93.2 ± 6.8% hatched. This study emphasizes the importance of determining the dietary impact of an antimicrobial agent as a food additive to a particular species of insect before its using for dietary antimicrobial purpose. © 2016 The Authors Daha fazlası Daha az