Ege A. | Turhan E. | Bektas S. | Pamuk K. | Bayar A. | Keser S.

Article | 2008 | Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica42 ( 3 ) , pp.193 - 200

Objectives: We investigated the potential beneficial effects of local hypothermia applied during different periods of ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model. Methods: An isolated gracilis muscle model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was used consisting of four groups, each with six rats. Ischemic injury was induced by clamping the femoral artery for six hours. Local hypothermia at 10 °C was applied during only ischemia (IH), during reperfusion (RH) for four hours, and during both ischemia and reperfusion (IRH). The control group remained untreated. After 24 hours of perfusion, the rats were sacrificed and the gracilis muscles wer . . .e removed to determine muscle edema (wet-to-dry weight ratio), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), and the percentage of necrosis. Results: Compared to the control group (193.7 ±38.9), the PMNL count was significantly lower in the IH, RH, and IRH groups (111.5±36.2, Daha fazlası Daha az

Yildirim Z. | Kotuk M. | Iraz M. | Kuku I. | Ulu R. | Armutcu F. | Ozen S.

Article | 2005 | Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics18 ( 5 ) , pp.367 - 373

Antioxidant therapy may be useful in diseases with impaired oxidant antioxidant balance such as lung fibrosis. The effects of sulfhydryl-containing antioxidant agents N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and erdosteine on the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis were compared in rats. The animals were divided into four groups: Vehicle+vehicle, vehicle+bleomycin (2.5 U/kg), bleomycin+erdosteine (10 mg/kg), and bleomycin+NAC (3 mmol/kg). Bleomycin administration resulted in prominent lung fibrosis as measured by lung hydroxyproline content and lung histology which is almost completely prevented by erdosteine and NAC. Hydroxyproline content was 18.7±3.5 . . .and 11.2±0.6 mg/g dried tissue in bleomycin and saline treated rats, respectively ( Daha fazlası Daha az

Pişkin Ö. | Ayoğlu H.

Article | 2018 | Cardiovascular Toxicology18 ( 1 ) , pp.56 - 62

Unintentional intravascular administration of bupivacaine may cause local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). Although many systems are affected in LAST, the cardiovascular effects can be life-threatening. Remifentanil is a selective, ultra-short-acting, µ-opioid receptor agonist opioid. This study assessed the effects of combined pretreatment with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) and remifentanil on the cardiotoxicity caused by bupivacaine in an experimental model of anesthetized rats. The rats were divided into three groups. Group B received a saline pretreatment plus a bupivacaine, group L received ILE pretreatment plus a bupiva . . .caine, and in group R, remifentanil was infused intravenously, plus ILE pretreatment plus a bupivacaine. The electrocardiogram tracing, invasive arterial pressure, and heart rate (HR) of rats were monitored continuously. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed in all groups. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed that the baseline pH (7.38 ± 0.31, 7.39 ± 0.41, and 7.37 ± 0.02 for groups B, L, and R, respectively), PaO2 (198.5 ± 9.45, 196.1 ± 32.3, and 197.7 ± 9.25 mmHg, respectively), and PaCO2 (37.8 ± 4.91, 37.4 ± 4.85, and 36.9 ± 4.42 mmHg, respectively) were similar in the groups (p > 0.05). Time to first alteration in QRS complex, time to first arrhythmia, time to 25, 50, and 75% reductions in HR, time to 25, 50, and 75% reductions in MAP, and time to asystole were recorded. Widening of the QRS complex was found 41.8 ± 16.6, 88.5 ± 7.91, and 103.0 ± 15.7 s after initiating the bupivacaine infusion in groups B, L, and R, respectively. Time elapsed until 25% reduction in HR was found 136.5 ± 50.7, 284.7 ± 31.7, and 292.0 ± 46.0 s for groups B, L, and R, respectively, and that until 25% reduction in MAP was found 101.7 ± 14.3, 245.0 ± 36.6, and 237.6 ± 52.6 s, respectively. Arrhythmia was observed after 135.2 ± 27.4, 172.4 ± 18.1, and 176.2 ± 23.0 s in groups B, L, and R, respectively. Finally, asystole occurred after 553.6 ± 74.4, 766.7 ± 64.8, and 800.1 ± 94.7 s in groups B, L, and R, respectively. This finding indicates that the survival time of rats administered pretreatment with ILE plus remifentanil and those given ILE was observed to be longer. Additionally, this study found that intravenous lipid emulsion plus remifentanil pretreatment did not result in better durations in terms of formation of bupivacaine intoxication and asystole compared to lipid pretreatment alone. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York Daha fazlası Daha az

Kurçer Z. | Öztürk F. | Şahna E. | Kuruş M. | Ölmez E.

Article | 2010 | Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences30 ( 2 ) , pp.616 - 622

Objective: Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, has been suggested to protect against development of hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this study, the effects of long-term melatonin deficiency for twelve months after pinealectomy on the ?-adrenergic-contractions induced by phenylephrine, endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine and the morphological changes in the rat thoracic aorta were studied. Material and Metods: Rats were pinealectomized twelve months before the beginning of the vasomotor studies. Rings of arteries were mounted in isolated tissue baths for the measurements of isometric contra . . .ctile force. The contractile responses to phenylephrine and endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine in the vessels were evaluated. Endothelial function was evaluated by vascular relaxation to acetylcholine. Histological examinations demonstrated the alterations of tunica media in the vessels of pinealectomized rats. Results: Thick and thin areas were observed in the transverse sections of vessels and the ratio of the widest media thickness to the narrowest was found significantly increased in pinealectomized group (2.85 ± 0.56) when compared to the control group (1.65 ± 0.10). In addition, ?-smooth muscle actin and elastic lamellae staining of the media were attenuated in pinealectomized rats. Al-though contractile responses of vessels to phenylephrine in pinealectomized rats were lower than control group, significant difference was found for only one concentration (3x 10-8 mol l-1) of phenylephrine. There was no difference between the relaxation responses to acetylcholine in pinealectomized and control groups. Conclusion: These results show that long-term melatonin deficiency may cause some morphological changes in the tunica media of vessels. However, the function of endothelium and vascular responsiveness to ?-adrenergic stimulus seem to be mostly protected. © 2010 by Türkiye Klinikleri Daha fazlası Daha az

Armutcu F. | Coskun Ö. | Gürel A. | Kanter M. | Can M. | Ucar F. | Unalacak M.

Article | 2005 | Clinical Biochemistry38 ( 6 ) , pp.540 - 547

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thymosin ?1 (T?1) in rats having fructose-induced steatosis. Fructose leads to experimental steatosis in the liver by exerting its effect on some components of the oxidant/antioxidant system, and on several cytokines (interleukin-1ß, -2, and -6) in blood. Methods: Twenty-four rats at random were divided into three groups (each group containing eight animals); the control group (C), which received a purified diet; the high-fructose-fed group (F); and the high-fructose-fed and T?1 injected group (F + T). After the experimental period of 10 days, liver lipid peroxidati . . .on and antioxidant status, and blood IL-1ß, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were quantified. Results: In comparison with the C group, the F group had a higher nitric oxide (NO) level, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and lipid peroxidation, as indicated by concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the liver. In the F + T group, these markers were near the values of the control group. In addition, increased IL-1ß and IL-6 levels were kept at near to normal levels with treatment of T?1, but not IL-2 levels. In the F group, the most consistent findings in the histologic sections of liver tissues were the macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis. T?1 treatment protected the majority of the liver cells, while minimal macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis was observed in the remaining cells. Conclusions: These results show that a high-fructose diet in rats leads to hepatic steatosis and a defect in the free radical defense system, and that treatment of T?1 may improve these biochemical and morphologic changes in the fructose-fed rat livers. © 2005 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Balli U. | Cetinkaya B.O. | Keles G.C. | Keles Z.P. | Guler S. | Sogut M.U. | Erisgin Z.

Article | 2016 | Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science46 ( 2 ) , pp.84 - 95

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary flavonoid, kaempferol, which has been shown to possess antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activities on the periodontium by histomorphometric analysis and on gingival tissue matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-8, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) by biochemical analysis of rats after experimental periodontitis induction. Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten rats each, and silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for 15 days, . . . except in the healthy control rats. In the experimental periodontitis groups, systemic kaempferol (10 mg/kg/2d) and saline were administered by oral gavage at two different periods (with and without the presence of dental biofilm) to all rats except for the ten non-medicated rats. Alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment level were determined by histomorphometric analysis, and gingival tissue levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-2 were detected by biochemical analysis. Results: Significantly greater bone area and significantly less alveolar bone and attachment loss were observed in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups (P < 0.05). In addition, gingival tissue MMP-1 and -8 levels were significantly lower in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups and the periodontitis group (P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in TIMP-2 levels between the kaempferol and saline application groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Kaempferol application may be useful in decreasing alveolar bone resorption, attachment loss, and MMP-1 and -8 production in experimental periodontitis. © 2016 Korean Academy of Periodontology Daha fazlası Daha az

Karakaya K. | Barut F. | Hanci V. | Can M. | Comert M. | Ucan H.B. | Cakmak G.K.

Article | 2015 | Bratislava Medical Journal116 ( 1 ) , pp.51 - 56

Introduction: Alcohol consumption is frequently associated with gastric mucosal lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in a rat model. Material and method: Sixty-four female wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 8). Studies were performed in ethanol induced gastric ulcer model in Wistar albino rats. Famotidine at a dose of 5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg and CoQ10 at a single dose of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg for 7 days were administered as pretreatment. All the rats in study groups received 2 ml/kg ethanol . . . 95 % intragastrically, 30 minutes after pretreatment. Four hour after ethanol administration, all rats were sacrifi ced and their stomachs were removed under ketamin anaesthesia. Gastric protection was evaluated by measuring the ulcer index, MDA concentrations, and histopathological studies. Results and discussion: Rats pretreated either with famotidine or CoQ10 had signifi cantly diminished gastric mucosal damage which was assessed with gross and microscopic analysis (p < 0.00625). MDA levels were signifi cantly lower in famotidine 20 mg/kg and CoQ10 pretreatment for 7 days group (p < 0.00625). Conclusion: CoQ 10 affords gastroprotection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats especially after repetitive administrations Daha fazlası Daha az

Karakaya K. | Hanci V. | Bektas S. | Can M. | Ucan H.B. | Emre A.U. | Tascilar O.

Article | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology15 ( 40 ) , pp.5091 - 5096

AIM: To investigate the gastroprotective effect of vardenafil against indomethacin-induced gastric damage. METHODS: Forty-eight female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1 received saline only. Group 2 (indomethacin) received indomethacin. Rats in group 3 and 4 were pretreated with different doses of famotidine. Group 5 and 6 were pretreated with different doses of vardenafil. Rats in groups 3 to 6 received 25 mg/kg indomethacin 30 min after pretreatment. The animals were sacrificed 6 h later and their stomachs were opened. Gastric lesions were counted and measured. The stomach of each animal was divided i . . .n two parts for histopathological examinations and nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays, respectively. RESULTS: There were no gastric mucosal lesion in the saline group but all rats in the indomethacin group had gastric mucosal ulcerations (ulcer count; 6.25 ± 3.49, and mean ulcer area; 21.00 ± 12.35). Ulcer counts were diminished with famotidine 5 mg/kg (4.12 ± 2.47, P > 0.05), 20 mg/kg (2.37 ± 4.43, P < 0.05), vardenafil 2 mg/kg (4.37 ± 3.06), and vardenafil 10 mg/kg (1.25 ± 1.38, P < 0.05) compared to the indomethacin group. Gastric mucosal lesion areas were diminished with famotidine 5 mg/kg (8.62 ± 2.97, P < 0.001), famotidine 20 mg/kg (0.94 ± 2.06, P < 0.001), vardenafil 2 mg/kg (6.62 ± 5.87, P < 0.001), and vardenafil 10 mg/kg (0.75 ± 0.88, P < 0.001) compared to the indomethacin group. MDA levels were significantly higher in indomethacin group (28.48 ± 14.51), compared to the famotidine 5 mg/kg (6,21 ± 1.88, P < 0.05), famotidine 20 mg/kg (5.88 ± 1.60. P < 0.05), vardenafil 2 mg/kg (15.87 ± 3.93, P < 0.05), and vardenafil 10 mg/kg (10.97 ± 4.50, P < 0.05). NO concentration in gastric tissues of the famotidine groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), but the NO increases in the vardenafil groups were not statistically significant. Histopathology revealed diminished gastric damage for pretreatment groups compared to the indomethacin group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Vardenafil affords a significant dose-dependent protection against indomethacin induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. © 2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Armutçu F. | Kanter M. | Gürel A. | Unalacak M.

Article | 2007 | Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences27 ( 2 ) , pp.164 - 169

Objective: Drinking large amounts of carbonated beverage is associated with increased risk for obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Fructose is found in many fruits, vegetables, honey and in soft drinks, such as high fructose corn syrup. Excessive fructose consumption can adversely affect liver metabolism and increase lipid peroxidation, and this plays a role in the pathology associated with fructose feeding. Material and Methods: The present study reports the effects of high-fructose diet (10% and 20% in the drinking water) on the liver lipid peroxidation of rats. At the end of the experiment, biochemical evaluation of plasma . . .and histopathological evaluation of liver tissue were performed. Results: Enhanced thiobarbituric acid-reactant substance levels and abnormal lipid changes were observed in high-fructose-fed rats. In 10% fructose-fed group, the most consistent findings in the histologic sections of liver tissues were the hepatocellular degenerative changes, minimal macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis in zone 1. In the 20% fructose-fed group, the trabecular liver structure was more seriously affected than the 10% fructose-fed group. High fructose-induced degenerative changes were evident in numerous hepatocytes of zone 1; the cells were enlarged and had a light and foamy cytoplasm filled with vacuoles. Conclusion: Our study suggests that fructose feeding is associated with lipid peroxidation and steatosis in liver and the dose of fructose is associated with the degree of tissue damage. Copyright © 2007 by Türkiye Klinikleri Daha fazlası Daha az

Armutcu F. | Gun B.D. | Altin R. | Gurel A.

Article | 2007 | Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology24 ( 2 ) , pp.106 - 113

Occupational exposure to coal dust causes pneumoconiosis and other diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coal dust-induced lung toxicity. In this experimental study, we investigated the oxidant/antioxidant status, nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyproline (HP) levels in lungs and blood of rats exposed to coal dust in mine ambience. In addition, we also investigated the attenuating effects of erdosteine. At the end of the experiment processes, tissue levels of HP, malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, xanthine oxidase . . . (XO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-?) were evaluated in the lung tissues, plasma samples or erythrocytes of rats. Exposure to coal dust resulted in a significant increase in the oxidant parameters (MDA, NO levels, and XO activity) and HP levels, as compared to the controls. A decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes, and an increase in MPO activity were found in the study group, compared to the controls. Increased NO levels of lung were found in the study groups, that were significantly reduced by erdosteine. Our studies provide evidence that supports the hypothesis for ROS mediated coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Erdosteine may be beneficial in the coal dust-induced lung toxicity via antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az