Sarıbas, Metin | Kaplan, Ayşe

Makale | 2008 | Biological Diversity and Conservation1 ( 1 ) , pp.40 - 65

Bu araştırma Zonguldak ili sınırları içinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Haziran 1999- Aralık 2004 yılları arasında araştırma alanındaki 119 istasyondan 473 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örneklerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 105 familyaya ait 294 cins, 366 tür 53 alt tür, 31 varyete ve kültivar saptanmıştır. Bu 473 taksondan 85’i A4 karesinde ilk kez belirlenmiştir. Teşhisi yapılan türlerin 16’sı Pteridophyta divizyosuna, 457’si ise Spermatophyta divizyosuna aittir. Spermatophyta divizyosuna ait taksonların 37’si Gymnospermae, 420’si ise Angiospermae alt divizyosuna aittir. Angiospermae alt divizyosundan 420 tür Dicotyledonae, 33 tür ise . . .Monocotyledonae sınıfına aittir. Alandaki endemik tür sayısı 7 ( % 1,52 ) dir. Tanısı yapılan türlerin 90’nı ( % 19,50 ) Avrupa-Sibirya elementi; 37’si ( % 7,82 ) Akdeniz elementi, 3’ü ( 0,63 ) İran-Turan elementi ve 346’sı ise (72,05 ) çok bölgeli veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyendir. En çok tür içeren familyalar sırasıyla, Rosaceae ( 38 ) tür, Leguminosae ( 34 tür ), Compositae (26 tür), Labiatae ( 20 ) tür, Pinaceae (18 tür), Scrophulariaceae ( 16 tür ). En çok tür içeren cinsler Quercus ( 9 tür ), Mentha ( 7 species), Campanula (6 tür ), Cupressus (5 tür), Verbascum ( 3 tür). This investigation has been made in Zonguldak Province. 473 plants were collected from the research area at 119 station in the years between June of 1999- Decembre of 2004, 294 genera, 336 species, 43 sub-species, 31 varietes and 7 cultivars belonging to 105 families were determined. 85 of 473 taxa have been collected for the first time in A4 square. Đn analyzed species, 16 species are belonging to Pteridophyta diviso and 457 species belonging to Spermatophyta divisio. Were indicated 37 species belonging to Spermatophyta divisio are Gymnospermae while 420 are belonging to Angiospermae subdivisio. 420 species belonging to Angiospermae subdivisio are Dicotyledonae whereas 33 species are Monocotyledonae. The number of endemic species in research are is 7 ( 1,52 % ). According to geografical regions of species, 90 ( 19,50 % ) are Euro-Siberian element, 37 ( 7,49 % ) are Mediterranean element, 3 ( 0,63 % ) are Irano-Turanien element and 346 ( 72,5 % ) are poly regional or species whose phytogeographic regions are unknown. The families with the largest number of species respectively are Rosaceae (38 species ), Leguminosae (34 species ), Compositae ( 26 species ), Labiatae ( 20 species ), Pinaceae ( 18 species), Scrophulariaceae ( 16 species). The genera including the higest number of taxa are Quercus ( 9 species ), Mentha ( 7 species ), Campanula ( 6 species ), Cupressus (5 species), Verbascum ( 3 species ) Daha fazlası Daha az

Uyar, Güray | Çetin, Barbaros

Diğer | 2001 | Turkish Journal of Botany25 ( 5 ) , pp.261 - 273

In the Ankara-Kızılcahamam Soğuksu National Park,116 taxa of bryophytes were identified by the authors. These belong to 20 families and 42 genera of bryophytes. Of these, 32 taxa are new for the A2 grid-square in the system adopted by Henderson. In the Ankara-Kızılcahamam Soğuksu National Park,116 taxa of bryophytes were identified by the authors. These belong to 20 families and 42 genera of bryophytes. Of these, 32 taxa are new for the A2 grid-square in the system adopted by Henderson.

Allahverdıev, Surhay Ragimoğlu | Mavituna, Meltem | Ganieva, Rena | Nafısı, Saeedeh

Makale | 1998 | Turkish Journal of Botany22 ( 1 ) , pp.19 - 23

Bu çalışmada kinetin benzeri sentetik hormon olan Polystimulin K (PS-K)'nin tuz stresi uygulanmış Trianea bogotensis Karst'ın (Hydrocharitaceae) fotosentetik aktivitesi üzerine etkisi gösterildi. Değişik zaman sürelerinde (15, 30, 60, 360 ve 720 dakika) farklı tuz stresi (103, 155 ve 344 mM) uygulanmaları sonucunda , Fotosistem II (FS ll)'nin hassasiyetini incelemek için Klorofil değişken Floresans (Chlorophyll variable fluorescence) (Fv) ve yavaş floresans (Slow Fluorescence) (SF) kullanıldı. Fideler üzerindeki tuz (155 mM NaCl) uygulaması SF boyutunu yaklaşık % 50 engelledi. Fidelerin 30 dakika süreyle 20 mg/l PS-K uygulamasına ta . . .bi tutulması ve daha sonra tuz ortamına alınması sonucunda SF boyutunun yükselmesi saptanmıştır. Tuz stresi altında, bütün zaman süreçlerinde, Fv/Fo oranı azalma göstermektedir. Uygulamaların 60 dakika'sına kadar NaCl ve PS-K'nin bulunduğu ortamda Fv/Fo miktarı bir düşüş gösterip, daha sonra hafif bir yükseliş tespit edildi. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları PS-K'nin tuz stresi mekanizmasındaki koruyucu görevini anlamak açısından önemlidir. In the present study the effect of kinetin like synthetic hormone Polystimuline K (PS-K) on photosynthetic activity of salt stressed Trianea bogotensis Karst (Hydrocharitaceae) has been shown. Chlorophyll variable fluorescence (Fv) and slow fluo¬rescence (SF) have been used to investigate the sensitivity of Photosystem 11 (PS II) to different salt stress treatments (103, 155 and 344 mM), at different time courses (15, 30, 60, 360 and 720 minutes). Salt stress (155 mM NaCl) treatments of the seed¬lings inhibited the SF magnitude approximately to 50 %. Pretreatment of seedlings for 30 minutes in 20 mg/l PS-K followed by salt stress resulted in an increase in SF magnitude. Under salt stress the magnitude of Fv/Fo decreases within all time measurments. In the presence of NaCl and PS-K until 60 min. of treatment there was a decrease in Fv/Fo value, then a slight increase was ob¬served. The results of this study are important in understanding the protective function of PS-K on salt stress mechanism Daha fazlası Daha az

Pınar, Nur M. | Ekici, Murat | Aytaç, Zeki | Akan, Hasan | Çeter, Talip | Alan, Şenol

Makale | 2009 | Turkish Journal of Botany33 ( 4 ) , pp.291 - 303

Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren Astragalus L. cinsinin Onobrychoidei DC. seksiyonunda yer alan 29 türe ait 45 örneğin polen morfolojisi ışık ve elektron mikroskobuyla çalışılmıştır. Polenler genellikle trikolporat aperture sahip, prolat, subprolat veya prolat-sferiodaldir. Polenlerin polar eksenleri 23,4-42,6 ?m ve ekvatoral eksenleri 14,3-36,4 ?m arasında değişmektedir. Dış görünümler meridional optik bölgede eliptik veya basık oval, polar optik bölgede ise trilobulat bazen tetralobulattır. Polen yüzeyi süslenmesi meridional optik bölgede genellikle mikroretikülat, nadiren retikülat veya rugulat, polar optik bölgede ise psilat ve perfo . . .rattır. The pollen morphology of 45 specimens of 29 species of the genus Astragalus L. of the section Onobrychoidei DC. distributed in Turkey was studied with light and electron microscopies. The pollen is generally 3-colporate. Pollen of the section is prolate, subprolate, and prolate-spheroidal. Size varies, with the polar axis ranging from 23.4 to 42.6 μm and the equatorial axis from 14.3 to 36.4 μm. The outline is elliptic or compressed oval in the meridional section, versus trilobulate and sometimes tetralobulate in the polar optical section. Sculpturing is usually microreticulate, rarely reticulate or rugulate in the meridional optical section, and psilate and perforate (with irregular or circular perforations) in the polar optical section Daha fazlası Daha az

Ganıeva, Rena A. | Allahverdıyev, Surhay R. | Guseınova, Nilufar B. | Kavaklı, Halil I. | Nafisi, Saeedeh

Makale | 1998 | Turkish Journal of Botany22 ( 4 ) , pp.217 - 221

Bir sitokinin anaoğlu olan Polistimülin’nin K (PS-K) farklı periotlarda tuz stresine (155 mM NaCl) maruz kalmış farklı pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotiplerindeki gecikmiş ışık komponent durumu (DF), aralıklı flöresans (IF) ve klorofil (Chl a/b) oranı üzerindeki etkisi araştırıldı. Tuz stresinin erken aşamalarında, DF ve IF dalga boylarında düşmeye neden oldugu ve bunun fotosistem II (PS II) aktivitesinin azalması yoluyla ortaya çıktığı gösterilmiştir. Bu düşüş, alıcı PS II merkezindeki klorofil b moleküllerinin azalması ve bunun sonucu olarak Chl a/b oranının yükselmesiyle oluşmaktadır. Buna karsın, etkiye maruz kalan degiskenle . . .rin PS-K ön-muamelesi sonucu düzelmesi, bu sentetik büyüme düzenleyicisinin tiylakoid membranları üzerinde kararlılık kazandırıcı etkisi oldugunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu kararlılık, öncelikle H+/NaCl degisiminin normalize edilmesi ve böylece zarara ugramıs PS II merkezinin onarımının hızlandırılmasına neden olmaktadır. The effects of Polystimuline K (PS-K), as a cytokinin analogue, on delayed light component state (DF), intermittent fluorescence (IF) and chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio was investigated in the leaves of different genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under salt stress (155 mM Na Cl) for different periods of time. It was shown that in the early perioıd of salt stress, DF and IF amplitudes are decreased, which is indicative of a Photosystem II (PS II) activity decrease. It is possibly related to the damage of chlorophyll in the PS II donor site and the decrease of Chl b molecules leading to an increased Chl a/b ratio. However, the improvement of the affected variables as a consequence of PS-K pretreatment suggests the stablizing effects of the synthetic growth regulator on the thylakoid membranes leading to a normalization of H+/NaCl exchange that consequently hastens the recovery of damaged PS II centers Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükkartal, Hatice Nurhan | Çölgeçen, Hatice

Makale | 2013 | Biological Diversity and Conservation6 ( 2 ) , pp.181 - 187

Bu çalışmada, diploid ve doğal tetraploid Trıfolıum pratense L. (Elçi çayırüçgülü)’ de tetrad evresinden olgun polen evresine kadar polenlerdeki ultrastrüktürel değişmeler incelenmiştir.Hem diploid hem de tetraploid örneklerde olgun polenlerin iki hücreli olduğu, generatif hücrenin oval şekilli ve polen çeperine yakın yer aldığı, vejetatif hücrenin ise elipsoidal şekilli olduğu gözlendi. Her iki tipde de vejetatif hücrede çok sayıda küçük vesiküller, ribozom ve mitokondri mevcuttur. Granülsüz endoplazmik retikulum (ER), plastidler ve diktiyozomlar az sayıdadır. Tetraploid polenlerde generatif hücre çevresinde bol miktarda hücre memb . . .ranına paralel ER katlanmaları dikkati çekmiştir. Az sayıda mitokondri, ribozom ve vesikül içeren generatif hücrenin merkezi olarak yer alan büyük bir çekirdeğinin bulunduğu gözlenmiştir. Her iki tipde de elektronca yoğun çok miktarda vesiküllerin bulunması dikkati çekmiştir. Within the scope of this study, the ultrastructural changes in diploid and natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense L. (Elçi red clover) were examined from tetrad stage to mature pollen stage. In both diploid and natural tetraploid types, it was identified that the mature pollens were two-celled, the generative cell was oval-shaped and situated adjacent to pollen wall and the vegetative cell was elipsoidal-shaped. In both types, the vegetative cell included abundant vesicles, ribosomes and mitochondria.. Agranular ER, plastids and dictyosomes were low in number. In the tetraploid type, abundant ER foldings parallel to the cell wall were remarkable around the generative cell. The generative cell, containing a low quantity of mitochondria, ribosomes and vesicles, had a large nucleus at the center. It is noteworthy that in both types, there were great quantities of electron-dense vesicles Daha fazlası Daha az

Büyükkartal, Hatice Nurhan | Çölgeçen, Hatice | Pınar, Nur Münevver | Erdoğan, Neslihan

Makale | 2013 | Turkish Journal of Botany37 ( 2 ) , pp.270 - 275

The mature seed coat structure in hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa L. was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to investigate differentiation in cytological and morphological features between these varieties. The outer layer of the seed coats was composed of macrosclereid (Malpighian) cells in the hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa. The walls of the macrosclereid cells were thickened, and the cell vacuoles were filled with tannin. The cytoplasm of the macrosclereids contained small- and large-sized vacuoles and ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Under this . . . layer there was a hypodermal layer composed of osteosclereids separated by large intercellular spaces. The bottom layer consisted of parenchyma cells. Thin-walled parenchyma cells were filled with amyloplasts that contained large starch grains, protein bodies, and a few organelles. Seed size and colour are important characteristics for distinguishing between hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties. The hard seeds of Vicia sativa are smaller than the soft seeds. The mature seed coat structure in hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa L. was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to investigate differentiation in cytological and morphological features between these varieties. The outer layer of the seed coats was composed of macrosclereid (Malpighian) cells in the hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa. The walls of the macrosclereid cells were thickened, and the cell vacuoles were filled with tannin. The cytoplasm of the macrosclereids contained small- and large-sized vacuoles and ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Under this layer there was a hypodermal layer composed of osteosclereids separated by large intercellular spaces. The bottom layer consisted of parenchyma cells. Thin-walled parenchyma cells were filled with amyloplasts that contained large starch grains, protein bodies, and a few organelles. Seed size and colour are important characteristics for distinguishing between hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties. The hard seeds of Vicia sativa are smaller than the soft seeds Daha fazlası Daha az

Hamzaoğlu, Ergin | Aksoy, Ahmet | Martin, Esra | Pınar, Nur Münevver | Çölgeçen, Hatice

Makale | 2010 | Turkish Journal of Botany34 ( 1 ) , pp.57 - 61

Yusufeli, Artvin’den (kuzeydoğu Anadolu) toplanan Scorzonera ketzkhovelii Grossh. (Asteraceae) Türkiye florası için yeni bir kayıttır. Tür betimlendi ve resmedildi. Ayrıca, türün karyolojik özellikleri ve polen morfolojisi verildi. Scorzonera ketzkhovelii Grossh. (Asteraceae) was recently collected from Yusufeli, Artvin (north-east Anatolia) and it has been reported as a new species record for the flora of Turkey. It is described and illustrated. In addition, its karyological features and pollen morphology are given.

Alataş, Mevlüt | Uyar, Güray

Makale | 2011 | Biological Diversity and Conservation4 ( 3 ) , pp.83 - 86

Pohlia ludwigii (Sprengl. ex Schwägr.) Broth. Türkiye’den ilk kaydının verildiği tarihten yarım yüzyıldan fazla bir zaman sonra ikinci kez kayıt edildi. Dahası bu kayıtla bu tür Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz bölgesinden ilk kez rapor edilmiş oldu. Türün ayrıntılı bir tanımlaması ile birlikte onun ekolojisi ve fitocoğrafik öneminin bir tartışması da sunuldu. Pohlia ludwigii (Sprengl. ex Schwägr.) Broth. is recorded for the second time in Turkey after more than half a century from the first recording time. And also with this record, this species is reported for the first time from Western Black Sea region of Turkey. A description of . . . the species is given along with its ecology and a discussion of its phytogeographical significance Daha fazlası Daha az

Çölgeçen, Hatice | Büyükkartal, Hatice Nurhan | Çalışkan, Ufuk Koca

Makale | 2016 | Turkish Journal of Botany40 ( 5 ) , pp.496 - 505

Previous reports of plant regeneration of natural tetraploid T. pratense L.‘Elçi’could be realized only through the apical meristem calli. In order to proceed to the production stage, other regeneration methods need to be tried. Aseptic seedlings were used for the production of somatic embryos through various 2,4-D and kinetin trials. Nonuniform external callus cells with translucent cytoplasm were observed in various developmental stages of somatic embryos. Beneath these cells, there were uniformly aligned, dark-stained embryo cells with dense cytoplasm. Despite the similar developmental stages and cell characteristics of zy . . .gotic and somatic embryos, the walls of somatic embryo cells revealed a highly wavy pattern. The nucleus generally contained only one nucleolus, which was spherical, dark stained, and electron-dense. Electron-dense droplets were seen in vacuoles. The cytoplasm consisted of starch-containing amyloplasts, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, lipid, and protein bodies. In some of the somatic embryos at the globular and heart stages, vacuole or electron-translucent zones were observed in the nucleolus. Additionally, a few embryo degenerations were recorded during developmental stages of the zygotic embryo. For the first time, the somatic embryos of natural tetraploid T. pratense were produced from hypocotyl (85%), cotyledon (75%), and apical meristem (60%) explants in 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D and 2 mg/L kinetin-containing MS medium. Our study developed an effective and efficient in vitro production method for using natural tetraploid T. pratense in biotechnological studies. Previous reports of plant regeneration of natural tetraploid T. pratense L.‘Elçi’could be realized only through the apical meristem calli. In order to proceed to the production stage, other regeneration methods need to be tried. Aseptic seedlings were used for the production of somatic embryos through various 2,4-D and kinetin trials. Nonuniform external callus cells with translucent cytoplasm were observed in various developmental stages of somatic embryos. Beneath these cells, there were uniformly aligned, dark-stained embryo cells with dense cytoplasm. Despite the similar developmental stages and cell characteristics of zygotic and somatic embryos, the walls of somatic embryo cells revealed a highly wavy pattern. The nucleus generally contained only one nucleolus, which was spherical, dark stained, and electron-dense. Electron-dense droplets were seen in vacuoles. The cytoplasm consisted of starch-containing amyloplasts, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, lipid, and protein bodies. In some of the somatic embryos at the globular and heart stages, vacuole or electron-translucent zones were observed in the nucleolus. Additionally, a few embryo degenerations were recorded during developmental stages of the zygotic embryo. For the first time, the somatic embryos of natural tetraploid T. pratense were produced from hypocotyl (85%), cotyledon (75%), and apical meristem (60%) explants in 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D and 2 mg/L kinetin-containing MS medium. Our study developed an effective and efficient in vitro production method for using natural tetraploid T. pratense in biotechnological studies Daha fazlası Daha az

Özçelik, Ayşe Dilek | Uyar, Güray | Ören, Muhammet

Makale | 2016 | Biological Diversity and Conservation9 ( 1 ) , pp.25 - 34

Bu çalışmada Gevne ve Dimçayı Vadileri'nin briyofit florası araştırılmıştır. 71 farklı istasyondan toplanan bitki örneklerinin teşhis edilmesi sonucunda, 40 familyaya ait 143 takson belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 17 tanesi C12 karesi için yenidir. Ayrıca, daha önce sadece Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi'nden (A2 karesi) bildirilen Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl., Türkiye'nin farklı bir noktasından ilk defa kaydedilmiştir. In this study, bryophyte flora of Gevne and Dimçayı Valleys was investigated. After examination of plant specimens collected from 71 different sites, 143 taxa belonging to 40 families were . . .determined. Among them, 17 taxa recorded for the first time from C12 square. Moreover, Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. which reported only Western Black Sea Region (A2 grid square) up to now, was recorded for the first time from different part of Turkey Daha fazlası Daha az

Çölgeçen, Hatice | Koca, Ufuk | Toker, Gülnur

Makale | 2011 | Turkish Journal of Biology35 ( 4 ) , pp.513 - 520

Bu çalışmada sodyum hipoklorit ve Bitki Koruyucu Karışımın yüzey sterilizasyonundaki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Antibiyotik-antimikotik çözeltisinin kültür ortamına eklenerek kallus indüksiyonundaki etkilerini inceledik. Eksplantlar başlangıç olarak farklı sodyum hipoklorit konsantrasyonlarıyla steril edilerek kinetin (0,29 ?M) ve naft alen asetik asit (NAA,10 ?M) içeren MS ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Eksplantlardaki kontaminasyonlar veya yüksek sodyum hipoklorit konsantrasyonundan dolayı kallus oluşumu gözlenmemiştir. Farklı konsantrasyonlardaki Bitki Koruyucu Karışımı ve antibiyotikler kontaminasyonu azaltmış ve sürgün ucu ve gen . . .ç kök eksplantlarında kallus indüksiyonu gerçekleşmiştir. En iyi kallus oluşumu % 1-2 Bitki Koruyucu Karışım kullanımında bulunurken, sürgün uçlarındaki kallus indüksiyonu yüksek konsantrasyonda (% 4) azalmıştır. Bu çalışma, doğal ortamında arazide yetişen A. densifl ora’nın eksplant kontaminasyonlarının azaltılması ve başarılı sterilizasyon ile ilgili ilk çalışmadır. Oluşturulan kallus kültürleri renkli kalluslar üretti bunlar da spektrofotometrik yöntemle analiz edildi. We analyzed the eff ects of sodium hypochlorite and Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) on surface sterilization. We also examined the eff ects that the addition of an antibiotic-antimycotic solution to the culture medium had on callus induction. Explants were initially sterilized with diff erent concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and cultured on MS media containing kinetin (0.29 μM) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 10 μM). No calluses were produced, either because of contamination of the explants, or loss of explants as a result of the high levels of sodium hypochlorite. Th e application of PPM and antibiotics at diff erent concentrations reduced contamination and led to callus induction from shoot apexes and young root explants. Th e best callus responses were obtained using PPM at 1%-2%, whereas callus induction on shoot apexes diminished at higher concentrations (4% PPM). Th is is the fi rst report of successful sterilization and reduced contamination of explants from naturally fi eld grown A. densifl ora by PPM. Moreover, established callus cultures produced pigmented calluses, which were analyzed spectrophotometrically Daha fazlası Daha az